Kiln.



G. HOOK.

KILN.

APPLICATION 1111,31) JULY 2, 1912.

1,073,045. Patented Sept. 9, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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Cum callus Hook MM M' 2/ CDLUMBI A PLANOGRAPH co., WASHINGTON. u. c.

G. HOOK.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1912.

" Patented Sept. 9, 1913 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2;

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GU'RNEALUS HOOK, VIGO, OHIO.

KILN.

Application filed July 2, 1912. Serial N 0. 707,309.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CURNEALUS HOOK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vigo, in the county of Ross and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful In1- provements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to kilns for burning clay products, and it has for its object to produce a kiln of simple and improved construction wherein the up and down draft types of kiln shall be combined in a single structure.

A further object of the invention is to so construct the improved kiln that a combined up and down draft may be produced therein w ien desired. I

With these and other ends in view which will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same con sists in the improved construction and combination of parts which will be hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings has been illustrated a simple and preferred form of the invention, it being, however, understood that no limitation is necessarily made to the precise structural details therein exhibited, but that changes,alterations and modifica tions within the scope of the claims may be resorted to when desired.

In the drawings,Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a kiln constructed in accordance with the invention, said section being taken on the plane indicated by the line 11 in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 22 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail view in elevation of a portion of a kiln showing one of the double furnace archways. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view showing the principles of the invention applied to a rectangular kiln; Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 5-5 in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view takenon the line 66 in Fig. 4.

Corresponding parts in the several figures are denoted by like characters of reference.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 a circular. kiln wall. 1 is provided, and double furnace archways 2 are suitably positioned within said kiln wall, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1, said furnace archways being situated below the floor level of the kiln. Each furnace of the Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedSept.9,1913..

double archways 2 is directly connected with one from the other, by solid walls 5 and 6 extending parallel and between said heat leaders, and by a solid wall 7 positioned at right angles to the walls diametrically across construction. 7

The heat leaders 3 extend straight from the inside edge of their respective archways for a certain distance within the under-floor construction, and thence in a curved direction for the remainder of their length, while the heat leaders 4 extend in a straight line for their entire length, as shown, and are parallel to the straight part of the 1 heat leaders 3. i

Sets of heat leaders 3 and 4 corresponding to each double archway 2 and at each side of the diametrical wall 7 are separated one from the other by a solid wall 8 extending from the inside face of the kiln wall 1 to a suitable distance within the under-floor con struction, as shown. Branching from near the inner end of each wall 8 and extending for a certain distance parallel to the curved heat leaders 3, a short solid wall 9 is provided for the purpose of diverting the heated air and products of combustion into the curved channel of one heat leader of each set 3;

Between sets of heat leaders 3 and 4, and between the heat leaders 3 and the wall of the kiln, a suitable number of solid walls 10, 11 and 12 are provided, all parallel and spaced apart from each other and from the solid wall 7, with their ends terminating at a suitable distance from the walls 5 and 6, thereby cooperating with said walls to form the said heat leaders.

The entire under-floor construction is preferably constructed of brick to the same height upon a base 21, best seen in Fig. 2,

the area of which is coextensive with the bottom of the kiln. It will be obvious that the walls 5, 6, 7 10, 11 and 12, together with the floor, serve the purpose of distributing 5 and .6 and extending the I entire under-floor theheated air and products of combustion over the entire area to be heated.

As will be best seen by reference to Fig. 1,

the floor is constructed of brick which, as

seen at 15, is laid solid over the heat leaders,

while the bricks laid over the remainder of ally to form cracks or openings 14; for thepassage of heated air and products of combustion.

Furnace arches 16 are located in the kiln wall at suitable intervals and above the kiln ways different without departing to kilns of nature that they floor,- said arches communicating at their inner ends with vertical heat leaders 20, which latter terminate below the spring line of the crown 30 of the kiln. It will be understood that the number of furnaces 2 and 16, as well as that of the walls 10, 11 and 1.2 will vary with the size of the kiln and that the walls may be arranged in various from that herein shown,: from the spirit of the invention.

Stacks 17 are located at suitable intervals either within or without the kiln wall, and each of said stacks is in communication with the interior of the kiln through two arch- Ways 18 and 19, see Fig. 2, situated the one above the other and both above the floor, as shown in Fig. 2.

It will be seen that of the two series of furnaces employed, one series comprising the double archways 2 discharges its heat and products of combustion into the heat leaders 8 and 4 situated directly below the floor, while the other series of furnaces 16 discharges its heat and products of combustion into the vertical heat leaders 20 which extend to a suitable height above the floor of the kiln. In Figs. 4:, 5 and 6 the application of the invention has been shown either square or rectangular shape. The solid walls 22, the heat leaders 23 and 24:, the furnace archways .25 M16126, the stacks 27, stack archways 28 and 29 and the solid walls 37 and 38 serve, respectively, the same purpose as do the walls 10, 11 and 12, heat leaders 3, 4: and 20, furnace archways 2 and 1.6, stacks 17, stack archways 18 and 19, and the solid walls 5, 6 and 7 of the circular kiln.

The stacks 27 are located at suitable intervals either within or without the kiln wall and communicate with kiln through two superimposed archways Q28 and 29 in precisely the same manner as in the case of the circular kiln,

The crown 30 of the kiln in any of the forms herein shown is provided with suitable draft apertures 31 for which closures 32 may be provided, said closures being of such may be readily removed when desired. Valves or dampers are also the interior of the I i and 2-9 are obstructed. The heated air and to be provided for the various furnaces and draft apertures.

As previously mentioned, this invention is designed to be a combination of the up and down draft types of kiln. However, it will the up and down draft,either a. down draft or an updraft alone may be obtained. The

method of bringing about this result will 'be presently explained.

In the operation of this invention, when both the up and down drafts are desired, the

'lower'archways 19 or 28 are closed by means of dampers 33, and both series of furnaces j are fired simultaneously. The heated air and products of combustion from the furnaces located at the archways 2, or .26, are discharged into horizontal heat leaders, 3, 41 or 24. from which, by the 7 floor and walls 10, 11 and 12, or 22, the said heated air and products ofcombustion are distributed over the spaces between the walls of the underfloor construction,'as shown by arrows in Figs. 1 and 1, from whence it passes up through the cracks or spaces left between the floor brick for that purpose, and

up through the lower tiers of ware placed on the floor to be burned, and thence tothe open air through the stack archways 18 or 29 and stacks 17 or 27 ,as shown by arrows in Figs. 2 and .5. The heated air and products of combustion from the furnaces located'at the archways 16 or 25 will pass directly into and up through heat leaders 20 or 23 and down through the ware in the usual manner meeting, at or near the level of the stack archways 18 or 29, the heated airand products of combustion rising, as. shown by arrows in Figs. 2 and 5, from the under-floor; theheated air and products of combustion from both sources passing out. together through the archways 18 or 29 and stacks 17 or 27. To obtain a necessary to cease naces 2 or '26, open the stack arches 19 or 2.8 and obstruct the stack archways 18 or 29. By so doingth'e cated at archways 16 or 25 alone is used. It passes up through the vertical heat leaders 20 or 23, out at archways 19 or 28 and stacks 17 or 27, as shown in Fig. 6.

To secure an up draft, the furnaces lo cated at archways 2 or 26 only are used, and all the stack archways 18 and 19 or 28 products of combustion from said furnaces located through the apertures 31 from which the arrangement of the.

heat from the furnaces 'lo-f.

"be seen that in addition to a combination of the vertical down through the ware, and V atarchways 2 or 26 passes into the 1 heat leaders 3 and 1 or 24, and is distrib- '125 thence through the ware and out.-

obstructions 32 have been previously removed. When this draft is not desired, the apertures 31 are to be kept tightly closed.

The ware is to be arrangedin the kilns in such a manner as to facilitate the above mentioned directions of travel of the heated air and the products of combustion.

A kiln embodying the principles of this invention may be constructed and maintained at a moderate cost, and among the advantages resulting therefromare the uniformity with which ware can be burned in all parts of the kiln, the small amount of fuel and time required in burning, the ease with which the kiln can be operated, the small amount of excavating necessary, the rapidity with which ware can be water smoked without chipping, cracking or whitewashing and the rapidity with which the ware can be cooled.

Owing to the improved construction of "the kiln a combined up and down draft may be used, the time of burning and consequently the fuel consumption is reduced much below that required by other types of kiln now in use. The ware is uniformly burned in all parts of the kiln on account of the peculiar construction of the underfloor and floor, whereby the heat and products of combustion are evenly distributed over the entire interior of the kiln. It may also be stated that the ware can be cooled rapidly, owing to the fact that the air is enabled to pass up as well as down through the ware by reason of the arrangement of furnaces, heat leaders and stack arches.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is

1. In a kiln, an outer wall, a floor, furnace arches situated in the wall beneath the floor, a base beneath the floor, solid walls having straight portions built on the base and forming heat leaders arranged in pairs, one pair communicating with and extending from each furnace, and solid walls built on the base intermediate the first mentioned walls and substantially at right angles to the straight portions of said first mentioned Walls and cooperating therewith to form heat passages; the floor being supported upon the walls and having solid portions superposed over the heat leaders extending from and communicating with the furnaces, and cracks or apertures communicating with the heat passages diverging from the heat leaders. 7

2. In a kiln, an outer wall, a floor, furnaces situated in the outer wall below the floor level, heat leaders extending from the furnaces beneath the floor and obstructed by solid portions of the floor, heat passages diverging from the leader beneath the floor and communicating with the interior of the kiln through apertures in the floor, furnaces situated at intervals in the Wall of the kiln above the floor level, vertical heat leaders within the kiln communicating with the last mentioned furnaces, stacks arranged at intervals exterior of the kiln wall, and archways extending through the kiln wall and establishing communication between the interior of the kiln and the stacks.

3. In a kiln, an outer wall, a floor, furnaces situated in the outer wall below the floor level, heat leaders extending from the furnaces beneath the floor and obstructed by solid portions of the floor, heat passages diverging from the leader beneath the floor and communicating with the interior of the kiln through apertures in the floor, furnaces situated at intervals in the wall of the kiln above the floor level, vertical heat leaders within the kiln communicating with the last mentioned furnaces, stacks arranged at intervals exterior of the kiln wall, and archways extending through the kiln wall and establishing communication between the interior of the kiln and the stacks; there being two archways connecting each stack with the interior of the kiln, both of said archways being arranged above the floor level and one superposed above the other.

4:. In a kiln, an outer wall, a floor, furnaces situated in the outer wall below the floor level, heat leaders extending from the furnaces beneath the floor and obstructed by solid portions of the floor, heat passages diverging from the leader beneath the floor and communicating with the interior of the kiln through apertures in the floor, furnaces situated at intervals in the wall of the kilnabove the floor level, vertical heat leaders within the kiln communicating with the last mentioned furnaces, stacks arranged at intervals exterior of the kiln wall, and archways extending through the kiln wall and establishing communication between the interior of the kiln and the stacks; there being two archways connecting each stack with the interior of the kiln, both of said archways being arranged above the floor level and one superposed above the other; and a crown having apertures and removable closures for the same.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CURNEALUS HOOK. Witnesses J. A. ERVIN, R. O. FRANCIS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

